List of Byzantine emperors

Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
Former Monarchy
Imperial
Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.svg
Emblem of the Palaiologos Dynasty
Constantine XI Palaiologos.jpg
Constantine XI
First monarch Constantine I
Last monarch Constantine XI
Official residence Constantinople
Monarchy started AD 330
Monarchy ended AD 1453
Current pretender None

This is a list of the Emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. This list does not include numerous co-emperors who never attained sole or senior status as rulers.

This list begins with Constantine I the Great, the first Christian emperor reigning from Constantinople. Diocletian before him had ruled from Nicomedia and replaced the republican trappings of the office with a straightforward autocracy. All Byzantine Emperors regarded themselves as Roman Emperors,[1], the term "Byzantine" being coined firstly by Western historiography much later, in the 16th century AD.

Although the Catholic West recognized the Eastern Empire's claim to the Roman legacy for several centuries, on 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned King of Franks Charlemagne as the Roman Emperor (which eventually led to the formation of the Holy Roman Empire) due to uneasy relations with the Orthodox East, an act which was much resented by the Byzantines. This happened after the coronation of Empress Irene, who, as a woman, was not recognised by the Pope of Rome to have a right to the throne.

The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title commonly became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλεύς), which had formerly meant generally "king", "sovereign" but now was used in place of Imperator. Following the establishment of a rival Empire in Western Europe (the Holy Roman Empire), the title Autokrator (Gr. Αυτοκράτωρ) was also increasingly used. Foreign kings were now titled by the neologism Regas (Gr. Ρήγας, from the Lat. "Rex") or by another generic term Archon (Gr. Άρχων, "ruler"). In the later centuries of the Empire, the emperor could be often referred to by Western Christians as the "Emperor of the Greeks," though they still considered themselves "Roman" Emperors. Towards the end of the Empire, they referred to themselves as "[Emperor's name] in Christ, true Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans."

For previous Emperors, see List of Roman Emperors

Contents

Constantinian dynasty (306–363)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Constantine Musei Capitolini.jpg Constantine "the Great"
Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Α' Μέγας (Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus)
son of the Augustus Constantius Chlorus 27 February c.280 25 July 306
Proclaimed "Augustus" upon the death of Constantius Chlorus
22 May 337
ConstantiusII.JPG Constantius II
Κωνσταντίνος Β' (Flavius Iulius Constantius)
second son of Constantine I 7 August 317 22 May 337
Inherited Eastern third of Roman Empire upon his father's death
5 October 361
died of illness on campaign
JulianusII-antioch(360-363)-CNG.jpg Julian "the Apostate"
Ιουλιανός(Flavius Claudius Iulianus)
grandson of Constantius Chlorus, cousin of Constantius II May 332 5 October 361
Proclaimed by his army in Gaul, became legitimate Emperor upon the death of Constantius
28 June 363
killed on campaign against Persians

Non-dynastic (363–364)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Jovian1.jpg Jovian
Ιοβιανός ( Flavius Claudius Iovianus )
Guards' Captain amongst Julian's Eastern forces c.332 28 June 363
Elected by the army upon Julian's death
17 February 364
Died on journey back to Constantinople

Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty (364–457)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
ValentinianI.jpg Valentinian I
Βαλεντιανός( Flavius Valentinianus )
Officer under Julian and Jovian 321 26 February 364
Elected by the army upon Jovian's death
17 November 375
Died of cerebral haemorrhage
Valens1.jpg Valens
Βάλης ( Flavius Iulius Valens )
Minor soldier of the Roman army, brother of Valentinian I 328 28 March 364
Appointed by his brother
9 August 378
Killed at the Battle of Adrianople
158 Gratianus.jpg Gratian
Γρατιανός ( Flavius Gratianus )
Son of Valentinian I, nephew of Valens 18 April/23 May 359 9 August 378
Inherited rule of the East upon the death of Valens
19 January 379
Appointed Theodosius I as Emperor of the East
25 August 383
Assassinated during the rebellion of Magnus Maximus
Theod1.jpg Theodosius I
"the Great"
Θεοδόσιος Α' ο Μέγας ( Flavius Theodosius )
Aristocrat and military leader, brother-in-law of Gratian 11 January 347 19 January 379
Appointed by Gratian
17 January 395
old age
Arcadius.jpg Arcadius
Αρκάδιος ( Flavius Arcadius )
Son of Theodosius I 377/378 17 January 395
Upon the death of Theodosius I
1 May 408
Theodosius ii.jpg Theodosius II Θεοδόσιος Β'
( Flavius Theodosius )
Son of Arcadius 10 April 401 1 May 408
Upon the death of Arcadius
28 July 450
Riding accident
Pulcheria.JPG Pulcheria
Πουλχερία ( Aelia Pulcheria )
Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius II 19 January 399 28 July 450
Upon the death of Theodosius II
July 453
Marcian.JPG Marcian
Μαρκιανός ( Flavius Valerius Marcianus )
Soldier, politician, husband of Pulcheria 396 450
Upon his marriage to Pulcheria
January 457
Gangrene contracted on a journey

Leonid dynasty (457–518)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Leo I Louvre Ma1012.jpg Leo I "the Thracian"
Λέων Α' (Flavius Valerius Leo )
Soldier 401 7 February 457
Chosen by Aspar, commander-in-chief of the army
18 January 474
Died of dysentery
Leo (474)-coin.jpg Leo II
Λέων Β' ( Flavius Leo )
Grandson of Leo I 467 18 January 474
Succeeded his grandfather Leo I
17 November 474
Died of an unknown disease, possibly poisoned
Zeno.PNG Zeno
Ζήνων ( Flavius Zeno )
(Born Tarasicodissa)
Roman general of Isaurian origins; son-in-law of Leo I, father of Leo II c.425 Co-emperor: 9 February 474
Appointed by his son Leo II
Sole Emperor: 17 November 474
Succeeded upon the death of Leo II
9 January 475
Deposed by Basiliscus, brother-in-law of Leo I
9 April 491
Basiliscus.JPG Basiliscus
Βασιλίσκος ( Flavius Basiliscus )
Army General; brother-in-law of Leo I 9 January 475
Seized power from Zeno
August 476
Deposed by Zeno
476/477
Zeno.PNG Zeno, restored
Ζήνων ( Flavius Zeno )
(Born Tarasicodissa)
Roman general of Isaurian origins; son-in-law of Leo I, father of Leo II c.425 restored August 476
Having deposed Basiliscus
9 April 491
Anastasius I.JPG Anastasius I
Αναστάσιος Α'( Flavius Anastasius )
Palace official ("Silentiarius"); son-in-law of Leo I c.430 11 April 491
Chosen by Ariadne, widow of Zeno
9 July 518

Justinian dynasty (518–602)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
JustinI.JPG Justin I
Ιουστίνος Α' (Flavius Iustinus )
General, commander of the City Guards under Anastasius I c.450 July 518
Elected by army and people upon the death of Anastasius I
1 August 527
Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna 004.jpg Justinian I the Great
Ιουστινιανός Α' (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus)
Nephew and heir of Justin I 482/483 1 August 527
Inherited the throne on the death of Justin I
13/14 November 565
Justin II.JPG Justin II
Ιουστίνος Β' (Flavius Iustinus Iunior)
Nephew and heir of Justinian I c.520 14 November 565
Inherited the throne on the death of Justinian I
5 October 578
Tiberius II.JPG Tiberius II Constantine
Τιβέριος Β' (Flavius Tiberius Constantinus)
"Comes" of the Excubitors, friend and adoptive son of Justin II c.520 5 October 578
Became full Emperor on the death of Justin II
14 August 582
possibly poisoned by Maurice
Emperor Maurice.JPG Maurice Μαυρίκιος
(Flavius Mauricius Tiberius)
Commander-in-chief of Cappadocian origins; son-in-law of Tiberius II 539 14 August 582
Succeeded upon the death of his father-in-law Tiberius II
November 602
Forced to abdicate by Phocas
27 November 602
Executed by Phocas

Non-dynastic (602–610)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Phocas.JPG Phocas
Φωκάς (Flavius Phocas )
sub-altern in the Balkan army, leader of rebellion; deposed Maurice ? November 602
Seized power in a rebellion against Maurice
610
Executed by Heraclius

Heraclian dynasty (610–711)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine solidus.jpg Herakleios
(Ηράκλειος, Hērakleios) Heraclius (Flavius Heraclius)
son of Exarch of Africa Heraclius the Elder, who were of Armenian Origin. ; Deposed Phocas c.575 5 October 610
Seized power in a rebellion against Phocas
11 February 641
Heraclius and sons.JPG Constantine III
(Ηράκλειος (νέος) Κωνσταντίνος, Herakleios Néos Kōnstantinos) Constantine III ( Heraclius Novus Constantinus )
eldest son of Herakleios 3 May 612 11 February 641
Succeeded to throne with Heraklonas following death of Herakleios
24/26 May 641
Tuberculosis, allegedly poisoned by Martina
Heraclius and sons.JPG Heraklonas
(Κωνσταντίνος Ηράκλειος, Kōnstantinos Herakleios) Heraclianus (Constantinus Heraclius)
younger son of Herakleios 626 11 February 641
Succeeded to throne with Constantine III following death of Herakleios
September 641
Deposed by Senate
c.641
Presumed to have died in exile
Hexagram-Constans II and Constantine IV-sb0995.jpg Constans II
(Κώνστας Β', Kōnstas II);
born Herakleios Constantine
(Ηράκλειος Κωνσταντίνος, Herakleios Kōnstantinos );
called "Constantine the Bearded" (Κωνσταντίνος Πωγωνάτος, Kōnstantinos Pogonatos) Constans II
(Constantus II);
born Heraclius Constantine
( Heraclius Constantinus );
called "Constantine the Bearded"
son of Constantine III 7 November 630 641
Made co-Emperor by Hereklonas, sole emperor in that same year
15 September 668
Assassinated, possibly on the orders of Mezezius
Mezezius.jpg Mezezius Usurper Emperor Unknown 668 669
Privil classe.jpg Constantine IV
(Κωνσταντίνος Δ', Kōnstantinos) Constantine
(Constantinos)
son of Constans II 652 15 September 668
succeeded following murder of Constans II
September 685
Died of dysentery
Solidus-Justinian II-Christ b-sb1413.jpg Justinian II Ιουστινιανός Β' son of Constantine IV 669 Co-emperor in 681, sole emperor in 685. 695
Deposed by military revolt
December 711
Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg Leontios Λεόντιος Usurper Emperor Unknown 695 698
Deposed by military revolt
705
Solidus-Tiberius III-sb1360.4.jpg Tiberios III Τιβέριος Usurper Emperor Unknown 698 705
Deposed by a Bulgarian-supported revolt
705
Solidus-Justinian II-Christ b-sb1413.jpg Justinian II Ιουστινιανός Β' son of Constantine IV 669 705 711
Deposed by military revolt
December 711

Non-dynastic (711–717)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Solidus-Philippicus-sb1447.3.jpg Philippikos Φιλιππικός A general of Armenian origins; deposed Justinian II Unknown December, 711 3 June 713
Deposed by a military revolt
Later in the 8th century
Solidus-Anastasius II-sb1463.jpg Anastasios II Αναστάσιος Β' a bureaucraut, imperial secretary for Philippikos Unknown June 713 November 715
Deposed by a military revolt
718
Theodosius iii coin.jpg Theodosios III Θεοδόσιος Γ' a financial officer, tax collector in the Opsikian Theme Unknown May 715 25 March 717
Deposed by a military revolt
Later in the 8th century

Isaurian dynasty (717–802)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Solidus-Leo III and Constantine V-sb1504.jpg Leo III the Isaurian Λέων Γ' a general from Germanikeia, Commagene c. 685 25 March 717 18 June 741 18 June 741
Constantine V Κωνσταντίνος Ε' Son of Leo III July, 718 Co-ruler in 720, senior ruler in 741 14 September 775 14 September 775
Artabasdos Son-in-law of Leo III, brother-in-law of Constantine V Unknown Rival emperor from June 741/742 2 November 743 Later in the 8th century
Leo iv constantine vi coin.jpg Leo IV the Khazar Λέων Δ' Son of Constantine V 25 January 750 Co-ruler in 751, senior ruler in 775 8 September 780 8 September 780
Constantine VI Κωνσταντίνος ΣΤ' Son of Leo IV and Irene 771 Co-ruler in 776, sole emperor in 780 August 797 c. 797, though sources are contradictory on the subject
Solidus-Irene-sb1599.jpg Irene of Athens Ειρήνη Αθηναία Wife of Leo IV, mother of Constantine VI c. 752 August 797 31 October 802 9 August 803

Nikephoros' dynasty (802–813)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Solidus-Nicephorus I and Staraucius-sb1604.jpg Nikephoros I Νικηφόρος Α' logothetēs tou genikou (finance minister) Unknown 31 October 802 26 July 811 26 July 811
Staurakios Σταυράκιος Son of Nikephoros I Unknown Co-ruler in 803, senior ruler in 811 2 October 811 11 January 812
Michael I (Byzantine Emperor).jpg Michael I Rangabe Μιχαήλ Α' Son-in-law of Nikephoros I, brother-in-law of Staurakios Unknown 2 October 811 11 July 813 11 January 844

Non-dynastic (813–820)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Leo5.jpg Leo V the Armenian Λέων Ε' Strategos of the Anatolic theme c. 775 11 July 813 25 December 820 25 December 820

Phrygian dynasty (820–867)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Solidus-Michael II Theophilus-sb1640.jpg Michael II the Stammerer or the Amorian (Μιχαήλ Β' ο Τραυλός ή Ψελλός) Strategos, son-in-law of Constantine VI 770 25 December 820
2 October 829
Emperor Theophilos Chronicle of John Skylitzes.jpg Theophilus (Θεόφιλος) son of Michael II 813 2 October 829
20 January 842
Solidus-Michael III-sb1686.jpg Theodora (Θεοδώρα) wife of Theophilus c. 815 842
855 867
Michael iii.jpg Michael III the Drunkard (Μιχαήλ Γ' ο Μέθυσος) son of Theophilos 19 January 840 842
23 September 867

Macedonian dynasty (867–1056)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Basil&leo.jpg Basil I the Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α' ο Μακεδών) Imperial officer of Armenian Origin born in the Theme of Macedonia c. 811 867
2 August 886
Byzantinischer Mosaizist des 9. Jahrhunderts 002.jpg Leo VI the Wise (Λέων ΣΤ' ο Σοφός) likely either son of Basil I or Michael III 19 September 866 886
11 May 912
Alexanderemp.jpg Alexander (Αλέξανδρος Γ') son of Basil I; regent for nephew 870 912
913
Porphyrogenetus.jpg Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (Κωνσταντίνος Ζ' ο Πορφυρογέννητος) son of Leo VI 9 September 905 15 May 908
9 November 959
Romanus1.jpg Romanos I Lekapenos (Ρωμανός Α' ο Λεκαπηνός) father-in-law of Constantine VII c. 870 17 December 920
16 December 944 15 June 948
Romanos II.jpg Romanos II Porphyrogennetos (Ρωμανός Β' ο Πορφυρογέννητος) son of Constantine VII 15 March 938 November 959
15 March 963
Nikiphoros Phokas.jpg Nikephoros II Phokas (Νικηφόρος Β' ο Φωκάς) married Theophano, Romanos II's widow, regent for Basil II c. 912 16 August 963
969
John I Tzimiskes 8.jpg John I Tzimiskes (Ιωάννης Α' Κουρκούας ο Τσιμισκής) brother-in-law of Romanus II c. 925 11 December 969
10 January 976
Basilios II.jpg Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer (Βασίλειος Β' ο Βουλγαροκτόνος) son of Romanos II 958 10 January 976
15 December 1025
Histamenon nomisma-Constantine VIII-sb1776.jpg Constantine VIII (Κωνσταντίνος Η' ο Πορφυρογέννητος) son of Romanos II 960 15 December 1025
15 November 1028
EmpZoe.jpg Zoe (Ζωή η Πορφυρογέννητη) daughter of Constantine VIII c. 978 15 November 1028
June 1050
Miliaresion-Romanus III-sb1822.jpg Romanos III Argyros (Ρωμανός Γ' ο Αργυρός) Zoe's first husband 968 15 November 1028
11 April 1034
Michael IV -paphlago.jpg Michael IV the Paphlagonian (Μιχαήλ Δ' ο Παφλαγών) Zoe's second husband 1010 11 April 1034
10 December 1041
Histamenon nomisma-Micael V-sb1776.jpg Michael V the Caulker (Μιχαήλ Ε' ο Καλαφάτης) Michael IV's nephew 1015 10 December 1041
20 April 1042 24 August 1042
Tetarteron-Theodora-sb1838.jpg Theodora (Θεοδώρα) daughter of Constantine VIII 984 20 April 1042
1042 after 31 August 1056
Istanbul.Hagia Sophia072.Monomuhos.jpg Constantine IX Monomachos (Κωνσταντίνος Θ' ο Μονομάχος) Zoe's third husband c. 1000 11 June 1042
11 January 1055
Tetarteron-Theodora-sb1838.jpg Theodora (Θεοδώρα) daughter of Constantine VIII 984 11 January 1055
after 31 August 1056

Non-dynastic (1056–1057)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Michael VI Μιχαήλ ΣΤ' Court bureaucrat, defence minister Unknown September, 1056 31 August 1057 c. 1059

Komnenid dynasty (1057–1059)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Histamenon nomisma-Isaac I-sb1776.jpg Isaac I Komnenos Ισαάκιος Α' Κομνηνός commander of the field army in Anatolia c. 1005 5 June 1057 as rival emperor, sole emperor since 31 August 1057 22 November 1059 c. 1061

Doukid dynasty (1059–1081)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Costantino X - histamenon - Sear 1847v.jpg Constantine X Doukas (Κωνσταντίνος Ι' ο Δούκας) 1006 24 November 1059
22 May 1067
NomismaMikaelVIIDoukas.jpg Michael VII Doukas Quarter-short (Μιχαήλ Ζ' Δούκας Παραπινάκης) son of Constantine X 1050 22 May 1067
24 March 1078 1090
Romanos et Eudoxie.JPG Romanos IV Diogenes (Ρωμανός Δ' Διογένης) married Eudokia Makrembolitissa, Constantine X's widow 1032 1067
1071 1072
Meister der Predigtsammlung des Heiligen Johannes Chrysostomus 001.jpg Nikephoros III Botaneiates (Νικηφόρος Γ' Βοτανειάτης) Strategos claiming descent from the Fabii 1001 31 March 1078
10 December 1081

Komnenid dynasty (1081–1185)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Alexius I.jpg Alexios I Komnenos (Αλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός) Nephew of Isaac I, military commander 1048 4 April 1081
15 August 1118
JohnIIcomnenus.jpg John II Komnenos (Ιωάννης Β' Κομνηνός o Καλός) son of Alexios I 13 September 1087 1118 8 April 1143
Manuel I Comnenus.jpg Manuel I Komnenos (Μανουήλ Α' Κομνηνός ο Μέγας) son of John II 28 November 1118 1143 24 September 1180
Alexios II - komnenos.jpg Alexios II Komnenos (Αλέξιος B' Κομνηνός) son of Manuel I 14 September 1169 1180 October 1183
ByzantineBillonTrachy.jpg Andronikos I Komnenos (Ανδρόνικος Α' Κομνηνός) nephew of John II c. 1118 1183 2 September 1185

Angelid dynasty (1185–1204)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
IsaacIIAnge.jpg Isaac II Angelos (Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος) great-grandson of Alexios I September 1156 1185
1195 January 1205
Alexios III -Angelos.jpg Alexios III Angelos (Αλέξιος Γ' Άγγελος) brother of Isaac II 1153 1195
1203 1211
IsaacIIAnge.jpg Isaac II Angelos (Ισαάκιος Β' Άγγελος) great-grandson of Alexios I September 1156 1203
1204 January 1205
Alexius4.jpg Alexios IV Angelos (Αλέξιος Δ' Άγγελος) son of Isaac II 1182 1203 1204
Nikolaos Kanabos (Νικόλαος Καναβός) 25 January 1204 5 February 1204
Alexius V.JPG Alexios V Doukas (Αλέξιος Ε' Δούκας) son-in-law of Alexios III 1140 5 February 1204 12 April 1204 December 1205

Laskarid dynasty (Empire of Nicaea, 1204–1261)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Constantine Laskaris Κωνσταντίνος Λάσκαρης Defender of Constantinople Unknown Claimant emperor in 1204 c. 1205 c. 1205
Theodore I Laskaris miniature.jpg Theodore I Laskaris Θεόδωρος Α΄ Λάσκαρης Brother of Constantine Laskaris, son-in-law of Alexios III c. 1174 proclaimed 1205, crowned 1208 1221 1221
John III Doukas Vatatzes.jpg John III Doukas VatatzesΙωάννης Γ' Δούκας Βατάτζης son-in-law of Theodore I c. 1192 December, 1221 3 November 1254 3 November 1254
Theodore II Laskaris miniature.jpg Theodore II Laskaris Θεόδωρος Β' Λάσκαρης son of John III, grandson of Theodore I 1221/1222 proclaimed 4 November 1254 crowned 1255 18 August 1258 18 August 1258
John IV Laskaris miniature.jpg John IV Laskaris Ιωάννης Δ' Λάσκαρης son of Theodore II 25 December 1250 18 August 1258 25 December 1261 c. 1305

Palaiologan Dynasty (restored to Constantinople, 1261–1453)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
MichaelVIIIPaleologusGoldHyperpyron.jpg Michael VIII Palaiologos Μιχαήλ Η' Παλαιολόγος Great-grandson of Alexios III, grandnephew of John III by marriage 1223 1 January 1259 as co-emperor, senior emperor since 25 December 1261 11 December 1282 11 December 1282
Serres IM Prodromou Andronicos.jpg Andronikos II Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος Son of Michael VIII 25 March 1259 nominal co-emperor in September, 1261, crowned in 1272. Senior emperor on 11 December 1282 24 May 1328 13 February 1332
AndronikosIIandMichaelIXPalaeologusSilverBasilikon.jpg Michael IX Palaiologos Μιχαήλ Θ' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos II 17 April 1277 co-emperor in 1281, crowned in 1294/1295. 12 October 1320 12 October 1320
Андроник III Палеолог.jpg Andronikos III Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Γ' Παλαιολόγος Son of Michael IX 25 March 1297 co-emperor in 1316, rival emperor since July, 1321. Senior emperor on 24 May 1328. 15 June 1341 15 June 1341
John V Palaiologos.jpg John V Palaiologos Ιωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos III 18 June 1332 Emperor in 15 June 1341 8 February 1347 16 February 1391
John VI Kantakouzenos.jpg John VI Kantakouzenos Ιωάννης ΣΤ' Καντακουζηνός A maternal relative of the Palaiologoi c. 1292 rival emperor on 26 October 1341, senior emperor on 8 February 1347. 4 December 1354 15 June 1383
Matthew Kantakouzenos Ματθαίος Καντακουζηνός Son of John VI, brother-in-law of John V c. 1325 co-emperor on 15 April 1353, rival emperor since 4 December 1354. December, 1357 between 1383 and 1391
John V Palaiologos.jpg John V Palaiologos Ιωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI 18 June 1332 co-emperor in 1347, rival emperor in 1352. Senior Emperor on 4 December 1354 12 August 1376 16 February 1391
Andronikos IV Palaiologos.jpg Andronikos IV Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Δ΄ Παλαιολόγος Son of John V, grandson of John VI 2 April 1348 co-emperor c. 1352, Senior Emperor on 12 August 1376 1 July 1379 28 June 1385
John V Palaiologos.jpg John V Palaiologos Ιωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI 18 June 1332 Senior Emperor on 1 July 1379 14 April 1390 16 February 1391
John VII Palaiologos Ιωάννης Ζ' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos IV 1370 Co-emperor from 1376 to 1379, senior emperor on 14 April 1390. 17 September 1390 22 September 1408
John V Palaiologos.jpg John V Palaiologos Ιωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος Son of Andronikos III, son-in-law of John VI 18 June 1332 Senior Emperor on 17 September 1390 16 February 1391 16 February 1391
Manuel II Paleologus.jpg Manuel II Palaiologos Μανουήλ Β' Παλαιολόγος Son of John V, grandson of John VI, brother of Andronikos IV 27 June 1350 Co-emperor in 1373, Senior Emperor on 16 February 1391 21 July 1425 21 July 1425
Andronikos V Palaiologos Ανδρόνικος Ε' Παλαιολόγος Son of John VII c. 1400 co-emperor c. 1403 c. 1407 c. 1407
Palaio.jpg John VIII Palaiologos Ιωάννης Η' Son of Manuel II 18 December 1392 Co-emperor c. 1416, sole emperor on 21 July 1425 31 October 1448 31 October 1448
Constantine XI Palaiologos miniature.jpg Constantine XI Κωνσταντίνος ΙΑ' Παλαιολόγος Son of Manuel II, brother of John VIII 8 February 1405 6 January 1449 29 May 1453 29 May 1453

Palaiologan Dynasty (claimants in exile)

Picture Name Status Birth Emperor from Emperor until Death
Demetrios Palaiologos Δημήτριος Παλαιολόγος Son of Manuel II, brother of John VIII and Constantine XI c. 1407 1453 1460 1470
Thomas Palaiologos.jpg Thomas Palaiologos Θωμάς Παλαιολόγος Son of Manuel II, brother of John VIII and Constantine XI c. 1409 1453 12 May 1465 12 May 1465
Andreas Palaiologos Ανδρέας Παλαιολόγος Son of Thomas c. 1453 12 May 1465 1502 1502

See also

References

  1. Hooker, Richard. "The Byzantine Empire." Middle Ages. World Cultures. 4 June 2007 [1].